▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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face="Times New Roman Star"*su":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to drive away | face="Times New Roman Star"гнать, прогонять | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su">r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sur- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"si:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"sir- | face="Times New Roman Star"u":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 844, VEWT 437, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 255. Shortness in Turkm. is not clear; perhaps under the influence of *su"r- 'smear; pull' (?). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"milk | face="Times New Roman Star"молоко | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (AH, Abush.), su"d (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sut | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t, so"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"d | face="Times New Roman Star"su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"si:t | face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|t | face="Times New Roman Star"u":t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 798, VEWT 438, Лексика 448-449, ЭСТЯ 7. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 pine tree 2 fir-needle | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сосна 2 хвоя |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 1, c?am japrag|y 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am ag|ac? 1 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sabal 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abal 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am, cam 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97. Dmitrieva (Дмитриева 1979, 205) derives the Oghuz word for 'fir-tree' from Arab. s?am 'candle', which is dubious phonetically and unlikely because of the Khak. and Shor forms (pointing to *c?amal); more probably an original Turkic root, although localized. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap' | face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps' | face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel | face="Times New Roman Star"1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?a:j | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 small river 2 sand, pebbles 3 flood, freshet 4 shallow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 речка 2 песок, галька 3 половодье, наводнение 4 мелководный |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1, c?eke 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:j 1, c?a":ge 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj-r-am 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 2 (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 'a river weed' (?) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj (in the hydronym qarac?aj) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"The word is poorly attested (almost only in some modern Oghuz languages and Chag., see VEWT 95, Лексика 94; the Yakut parallel is phonetically unclear - borrowed from Tuva or Altai?). Turk. *c?a:j-ka (Turkm. c?a":ge, Chag. c?eke) > Kalm. ceke|: (KW 426). The forms (despite semantic difference) may have an Iranian origin: Pers. (Pekhl.) c?a:h 'well, spring' < *c?a:t|a > Av. c?a:ta, Kurd. c?a:l, Bel. c?a:t, Osset. c?ad 'lake', Wakhi c?ot 'pond' (Horn 97, Аб. 1, 285, 329, Расторгуева 1990, 191, ЭСВЯ 130); a certain Persian loan is Khal. c?a: 'Brunnen, Grube'. Osset. c?'aj 'well' is regarded by Abaev as a borrowing from Pers. through Georgian (c?.a 'well'). The relationship to the verbal stem c?a:j- 'to swill' (ОСНЯ 3, 59-60) ( < 'wash water off from the surface'?) is yet to be determined. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)aly-(gan) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bush, shrub 2 nettle 3 thorn | face="Times New Roman Star"1 куст 2 крапива 3 колючка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alag|an 2 (R - Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alo|w 'ковыль волосистый' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'солянка кустарниковая' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|yn, (R) s?alg|anaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqanc?aq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alu 'eine Pflanze zum Verbrennen' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqan 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'blackthorn; thorn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) c?alqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic c?al-). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?an|yl/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"guelder rose, viburnum | face="Times New Roman Star"калина |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"san|ys, sa:s | face="Times New Roman Star"s?an|ys?, s?an|as? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|ys? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?en|gel |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, 401. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 big vessel, barrel, pail 2 basin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 большой сосуд, бочка, чан, кадка 2 бассейн, яма для стока воды | face="Times New Roman Star"c?opun 1 (OUygh., late - Suv.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?opul 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapc?aq (AH) (OKypch.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saban, sapc?ax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/o"ps/e 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sabaraj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?opulaq 'spoon' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapsaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"capcaq, c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 'wooden vessel for shaking up milk' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, ДТС 153, Егоров 223,Федотов 2, 148-149. Forms with -u- in the second syllable demonstrate vowel assimilation (c?opu- < *c?apu-). External parallels strongly suggest that the word is not derived from *c?ap- 'hit', but is an original noun. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)a:b | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fame, good reputation, news | face="Times New Roman Star"слава, хорошая репутация , новости |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?av (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?av |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aw (Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ov | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:v (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sab-lag| 'renowned' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-tyg| 'renowned' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ov (may be < Az.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, EDT 393. Final -p in Siberian languages is not quite clear. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 whetstone 2 sickle 3 to whet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 точильный камень 2 серп 3 точить |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'mill stone', c?ar-la- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-la- 3 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/orla 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ: Udzh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?a:rba- (*c?a:rma-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 squirrel 2 sable, marten | face="Times New Roman Star"1 белка 2 соболь, куница |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sarbax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?arbaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yrbyq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:rba 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 100, 403. A regional Siberian root. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to scatter, spatter, sow | face="Times New Roman Star"рассыпать, разбрасывать | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sas- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a`z?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?-, c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794, VEWT 392, Stachowski 262. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hair (of head) 2 hair 3 hair (on back of head) 4 root | face="Times New Roman Star"1 волос (головы) 2 волос 3 волос (на затылке) 4 корень | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saz?|, sac? 1 (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"s/ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1; sac?yx| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 794, Лексика 197, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 38. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:gan/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 poor 2 mischief 3 impolite, rough | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бедный 2 беда, несчастье 3 грубый, неучтивый | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|an/ (Orkh.), c?yg|aj (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (MK), c?yg|an (MK - Argu) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj, c?yg|an (dial.) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (R), c?yg|an (R, Pav. C.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:j 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?a:j 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr 2 (with an unexplained -r) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yn 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 107, EDT 408-409, Лексика 334. Chuv. c?uxan 'poor' may be of different origin (cf. an aberrant reflex of *g), cf. c?ux 'mediocre', c?uxъ 'poor' ( < *jok?). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*sel/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to untie | face="Times New Roman Star"развязывать | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s?- (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?is?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?- (Sangl.), sa"s?- (MKypch. - Houts.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sis- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sal-t- | face="Times New Roman Star"es- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sis- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 413, EDT 857, Егоров 177, Федотов 2, 10. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Eke-t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 coniferous forest 2 pistacio nut 3 (fruit) stone, seed 4 hazel-nut 5 wild jujube 6 young coniferous growth 7 bush, shrub 8 fir branch | face="Times New Roman Star"1 лес (хвойный) 2 фисташковый орех 3 косточка, семечко 4 лесной орех 5 дикая ююба 6 молодые хвойные поросли 7 кустарник 8 ветка ели |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?eki-r-tu"k 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eki-r-dek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iki 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eke-r-dek, c?ekide| 5 (Pav. C., R - Babur) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?et 7 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?et ag|as? 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?et 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ege-dek, c?ege-l-dek 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ege-r 7 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?eget 'forest, wood' (Karach.), 'North' (Balk.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekerdek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirdek, c?ekirdek 3, c?eger 'blackthorn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 867-868. Morphologically -t - is a collective suffix, -dak/-dyk - a denominative suffix. The word is attested in MK, but in an aberrant (dialectal) shape with s?-, and the meaning 'nut' is probably secondary, the original meaning of the root being 'coniferous tree, branch'. Several other plant names may be related, cf.: Chag. c?eke| 'berries found in the Fergana mountains'; Uzb. c?akanda 'облепиха крушиновидная', Uygh. c?a"ka"nda" 'a bush with red fruits' (R 3, 1947 Taranchi, mod. c?akanda 'a k. of thorny bush'), Az. c?a"kil 'mulberry'; Kirgh. South. c?ekende 'хвойник; кузьмичева трава; эфедра двуколосковая' (its pseudoberries are edible; despite Yudakhin, not < Iranian - the word is not attested in Persian). Turk. > Pers. c?a"ka"lda"k 'blackberry' (Гаффаров). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ym- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pinch 2 a pinch, thimbleful | face="Times New Roman Star"1 щипать, брать щипком 2 щипок, щепотка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik, c?imz?|ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?e-t-, c?emc?e-n- 1, c?emc?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1, c?imdik 2 (Pav. C.), (CCum.) c?ymdy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?im-, c?imc?i-, c?imc?i-la-, c?imdi-, c?imi-t- 1, c?imdi-m 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi-, c?imqi- 1, c?ymdim 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|/ume- 'to pick out, pull out' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik-le- 1, c?imdik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"mmu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|y-la- 1, c?ymc?yx 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?imc?i- 1, s?imc?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y- 1, c?ymc?y-m 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?@b@t- 1, c?@pt@m, c?@pk@m 2 (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymc?y- 1, s?ymc?ym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymz?|y- 1, s?ymz?|ym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y-, c?ymc?y-la- 1, c?ymc?ym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymty- 1, s?ymqym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"semte- 1, semte-m 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imde- 1, c?imdik 2, cymda-, c?ymda- 'to bite' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1, s?ym, s?yms?ym 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 108, TMN 3, 99, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 413. Chuv. c?@b@t- is phonetically strange; it may reflect a secondary denasalization (Мудрак Дисс. 50), but may actually be a trace of a different root, cf. PA *c?`i/p`u/ or *c?`abo. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,